The historical drama Si Jin has brought attention to the fascinating clothing culture of ancient China, particularly the sleeveless garments worn by actress Jing Tian. These garments, known as Beixin (背心) or Bijia (比甲), were popular during the Song, Yuan, and Ming dynasties. They were typically worn over other clothing and featured a front-opening design with slits on both sides, extending to below the knees.
Archaeological findings from the Southern Song Dynasty, such as those from the Huang Sheng tomb, reveal a variety of sleeveless garments, including Beixin, long and short shirts, two-piece skirts, and more. These garments were lightweight and breathable, making them ideal for summer wear. For instance, one dark peony-patterned Beixin measured 70 cm in length, 44 cm in waist width, and weighed only 16.7 grams—lighter than half a liang (两), a traditional Chinese unit of weight.
These sleeveless garments were favored by both noblewomen and commoners. They could be worn alone at home or layered with other clothing for outdoor activities. The Ming Dynasty saw variations like Gua (褂) or Bijia, which could be worn with or without an inner Moxiong (抹胸). The lightweight fabric sometimes revealed the inner garment, adding a touch of color and personal style.
Interestingly, these ancient designs remain fashionable today. They can be styled as sleeveless jackets, paired with belts, and worn with modern clothing like shirts, pants, or skirts. The versatility in color—solid for casual outings, black or light shades for formal settings—makes them a timeless choice.
The elegance and practicality of these garments highlight the ingenuity of ancient Chinese fashion, offering a seamless blend of tradition and modernity.
